Reduction blazers
Today, we are proudly presenting the fresh face of our team -The Reduction Blazers: Generation Z
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Mindanao
-Mindanao is the Philippines' second largest island comprising approximately a quarter of the total population of the world. The agriculture sector consists of one third of Mindanao territory. The region supplies over 40 percent of the country's food requirements and contributes more than 30 percent to national food trade.
-But the Philippines' poorest island is also rich in natural resources. It is regarded as a food basket in the country which generates 40% of food requirements in the country and contributes more than 30% to the national food trade. The agriculture sector is one third of its territory. Their major contributions to Philippine agricultural products, based on their 2013 farm produce, are maize, bananas, cocoa and cocoa.
Agricultural
-AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN NORTHERN MINDANAO
-Farm Number Increased by 10.3% in 2002
In Northern Mindanao, the number of farms increased 10.3%, from 289,5% in 1991 to 319,2000 in 2002. The significant rise in farming in Misamis Oriental (25.4%) is due to this rise. During the time mentioned, however, the overall area of farms in the region decreased by 2.8%. The average farm size has also fallen from 2.7 hectares of farmland in 1991 in 2002 to 2.3 hectares of farms in 2002. 52.2 per cent of the region 's overall land area consisted of agricultural land.Approximately 85.6 percent of farmland in the area had two parcels at most, an average of 1.9 parcels per farm.
-Bukidnon Largest area accounted for and number of farms
In Northern Mindanao, Bukidnon shared the largest number of farms, with a total of 120,0,000 farms that utilized 322,8,000 hectares of agriculture land. This province accounted for about 43.2 percent of the total agricultural area in the country. The province's average farm size was 2.7 ha.It has 81,3 miles of farms and 161,6 miles of hectares overall. Misamis orientale has followed. This province accounted for one-fifth (21.6%) of the total area of farming in the country.-Pineapple was the Dominant Permanent Crop
As far as the quantity of trees/plants/slopes, pineapple was the most significant lasting yield in the district with 30.8 million slopes as detailed by 7.3 thousand ranches. It must be noticed that pineapple was likewise one of the most significant harvests in 1991 regarding zone planted (18.0 thousand hectares). Coconut positioned second with 19.6 million trees planted in 169.2 thousand ranches. Banana positioned third with 17.1 million slopes planted in 160.6 thousand homesteads. Other significant lasting harvests in the district were espresso robusta and espresso arabica with 4.2 million trees and 1.5 million trees, individually.Pineapple was dominantly planted in Bukidnon due to the presence of Del Monte Pineapple Plantation. For other provinces, the top permanent crop planted varies. Coconut was abundantly planted in Lanao del Norte and Misamis Occidental while banana in Camiguin and Misamis Oriental.-National Irrigation System was Common in the Region
In northern Mindanao, the use of the irrigation system made it possible to develop agriculture.About 68.1 thousand farms with a total irrigated area of 99.4 thousand hectares in the region were supplied with water, or 13.3 percent of the total agricultural land. Most farms in Northern Mindanao had common irrigation systems which were supplying water for 22.4 thousand acres (31,8 thousand hectares) of irrigated and municipal irrigations system.Farms such as waterwheels, water fetching etc. have also used other irrigation systems , providing water to 22,3 thousand farms with an irrigenation area of 2,5 thousand farms.-Hog Raising Topped the Livestock Raising Activity
Hogs accounted for the biggest share of the cattle that grew up and grew in northern Mindanao. From a total 459.2 thousand hogs registered in 1991, 575.1 thousand hogs were reared in 151.3 thousand farms in 2002. About 45.0 percent of the total hogs came from Bukidnon and 25.4 percent from Misamis Oriental.In 103,5 thousand farms, livestock raising ranked second with 231,1 thousand heads. An increase of about 26.3 thousand cattle was observed from the 1991 figure of 204.9 thousand heads. Bukidnon (35.8 per cent) was a high percentage of these livestock.
-The primary poultry raising activity was raising chicken.
In 2002, the number of chicken raised in 228.5 thousand farms totaled to 14.5 million heads, significantly higher when compared to the 1991 figure of 3.6 million heads. The operators in Bukidnon raised more than half of the total chicken (51.4 percent) in the area , followed by Misamis Oriental with a 27.4 percent share.The goats (155,2 thousand), carabaos (124,5 thousand), and horses (53,0 thousand) were the other livestock raised and tended to North Mindanao.Beside increasing of poultry was duck raising with 192.0 thousand heads tended as recorded by 9.9 thousand farms. Compared to the 1991 inventory, however, a decrease of around 38.3 percent was observed. Bukidnon (66.6 percent) accounted for the largest share of the total ducks raised.While quail raising was seventh, there was a remarkable four-fold rise, from 12.5 thousand heads in 1991 to 61.7 thousand in 2002.-Ornamental and flower gardening in the region was also common
Since most of Northern Mindanao 's agricultural companies were engaged in popular farming activities such as palate planting, corn and so on, others were also interested in bee / honeybee production, silkworm, among others. In almost 1,9 thousand farms ornamental and flower gardening (excluding orchid) was done. However, the figure was 50.8% below the figure of 3.8 thousand farms in 1991 involved.Mushroom culture also showed up to be a significant eight-fold increase from 122 farms in 1991 up to 1,1 thousand farms in 2002 in terms of number of farms employed in farming.-One in four farmers was between 35 and 44 years old
Around 26.4% of Northern Mindanao farmers were members of the ages of 35 to 44. In the ages of 45 to 54 years (71,8 thousand) and 25 to 34 years (65,2 thousand) a number of operators were also involved.Almost nine in ten agricultural operators were males (89.5 percent). Among male farmers, 27.5% were between the ages of 35 and 44, while female farmers were older, between the ages of50 and 64 (35.5%).-More than 80 percent of households employed in agriculture were in the own holding industry
Agricultural operators' household members were asked if they were involved in any agricultural activity in their own holdings, in other holdings or in both during the reference period.The total number of household members engaged in agricultural work in 2002 was 452,5 thousand. Of this total, 369,1 thousand (81.6%) were held in own holdings, 54,9 000 (12.1%) in their own holding and in others, and 28,5% (6.3%) in other holdings.Although male operators dominated agricultural activities in 2002, more non-operators operated in their own farms and/or other farms as female household members. There were about 273.6000 females, while only 175.3000 were males.-Agriculture is a pandemic "little spark" of the Mindanao economy
In the first semester of this year, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, Mindanao Development Authority's assistant secretary, Romeo Montenegro, regional economy needs to focus on strengthening its agriculture sector as the "low spark" in this dark time.Mindanao consists of the Davao, North Mindanao, Caraga and Zamboanga Peninsula, as well as the Autonomous Region of Bangsamoro in Muslim Mindanu. Mindanao includes the Davao region."Maybe it's very small, maybe marginal, but we may still see that as the little spark we'll have to face due to the pandemic in view of this otherwise dark economic fact," Montenegro said. He said that Mindanao farming accounts for 40 % of total food production in the country and 30% of domestic food trade.“While major growth drivers succumbed to Covid-19 pandemic, agricultural sector output for domestic consumption and exports of top Mindanao agricultural products stood strong against the insane waves of adversity, showing Mindanao’s resiliency,” MinDA Assistant Secretary Romeo Montenegro said.
“Regardless of the situation we are confronted with, calamities, disasters, conflict, pandemic, and the likes, we all need food to survive. So if the focus is given to improving Mindanao's agri sector, which is an inherent strength, towards self-sufficiency, food security, and sustainability, then we become more resilient and can stand better chances of overcoming internal or external shocks and recover faster,” Montenegro explained.
Montenegro said the agriculture value chain cuts across sectors as hotels and malls sell agri-products, some construction activities are related to agri-facilities, logistics flow contain agriculture products, raw or processed, domestic or for export. Mindanao supplies over 40 percent of the country's food requirements and contributes more than 30 percent to the national food trade.
The Mindanao Peace and Development Rise Program (MINPAD-Rise) under the European Union Fund Grant amounts to PHP 2.1-billion, which MinDA said will be used to establish an integrated value chain and implement rural development projects across Mindanao. (PNA)
Livelihood
• The overall objective of the ‘Scaling Up Sustainable Livelihoods in Mindanao’ project was to widen livelihood options in small-scale agriculture for rural women and men in order to achieve food security and sustainable incomes. In particular the project aimed to increase income by 20 per cent and project participants were expected to increase acquired assets as results of increased income. The second objective of the project was to influence local and national governance environment towards pro-poor economic development. Finally the project worked towards increasing women’s leadership among the project participants, changing the economic relationship between men and women, and increasing women’s political participation.
• Governance was expected to increase thanks to a greater involvement and awareness
of farmers in community plan meetings, with the assumption that greater involvement
will increase the probability that local government will provide founds and allocate
budget to the communities involved.
• Using the region of Mindanao in Philippines as a case study, this paper presents an analysis of focus groups and interviews to showcase gendered vulnerabilities of smallholder farmers to climate change. This analysis reveals that both climate change and conflict significantly increase smallholder vulnerability, resulting in loss of livelihoods, financial assets, agricultural yield and the worsening of debt problems.
LIVELIHOOD IN RURAL MINDANAO
• In rural Mindanao, a secure livelihood can be hard to pull together – but a Muslim community has found a way to get by.
• In Lanao del Norte, just north of Marawi City, the town of Baloi can be found nestled amidst rolling hills and flat plains. While the land is fertile, there isn’t enough of it to grow a sizable, profitable farm. The nearest source of consistent employment is Iligan City, almost an hour north, and many have no choice but to undertake blue collar work such as construction and tricycle driving.
• For communities like Baloi, livelihood can be hard to come by, and many are forced to live in a state of poverty. Rice, a staple part of local diets, is sold to them in massive 25 kilogram sacks sold at 1,100 pesos. Households had no choice but to buy these sacks, and each one was a heavy blow to already meager earnings.
• Some of the livelihood projects Maranao leaders and farmers have chosen for their respective areas include chicken egg production, abaca farming, organic rice farming, dairy goat raising, duck raising, cattle fattening, tilapia fish cage farming, cardava banana farming, and growing of corn, sorghum and vegetables.
• “The Department of Agriculture also pledged to provide support services and assistance for the Lanao del Sur Livelihood Program.”
Educational
-The Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) has the highest rate of illiteracy. An alarming 25% of ARMM’s population had zero years of schooling in 2000. Next to ARMM, Regions 9 and 12 also have high proportions of the population with no schooling. more than half of Davao del Sur’s population remains to have 6 years of schooling or less in 2000. Bukidnon and Camiguin are the best and worst provinces in Region 10 in terms of education performance. the proportion of the population with 10 or more years of schooling is much larger in Camiguin than in Bukidnon. Also, while more than 25% of Bukidnon’s population has three or fewer years of schooling, only less than 10% of Camiguin’s population has not completed primary school. Basilan had a more than 50% improvement on its average years of schooling, it remains to be one of the provinces with the greatest education inequality in 2000 (ranks as 3rd worst in the country). Bukidnon is ranked as the 3rd province with the lowest AYS and the 4th province with the greatest education inequality. All four provinces of ARMM belong to the top ten least equitable provinces in the Philippines (in terms of education equality). Overall, Sulu is the worst province. Its education Gini coefficient of 0.483 is very high.
-Other factors affecting education in the Philippines
-Quality of Education
First of which, is the quality of education. In the year 2014, the National Achievement Test (NAT) and the National Career Assessment Examination (NCAE) results show that there had been a decline in the quality of Philippine education at the elementary and secondary levels. The students' performance in both the 2014 NAT and NCAE were excessively below the target mean score. Having said this, the poor quality of the Philippine educational system is manifested in the comparison of completion rates between the highly urbanized city of Metro Manila, which also happens to be not only the country's capital but the largest metropolitan area in the Philippines and other places in the country such as Mindanao and Eastern Visayas. Although Manila is able to boast a primary school completion rate of approximately 100 percent, other areas of the nation, such as Eastern Visayas and Mindanao, hold primary school completion rate of only 30 percent or even less. This kind of statistic is no surprise to the education system in the Philippine context, students who hail from Philippine urban areas have the financial capacity to complete at the very least their primary school education.-Budget for Education
The second issue that the Philippine educational system faces is the budget for education. Although it has been mandated by the Philippine Constitution for the government to allocate the highest proportion of its government to education, the Philippines remains to have one of the lowest budget allocations to education among ASEAN countries.-Affordability of Education
The third prevalent issue the Philippine educational system continuously encounters is the affordability of education (or lack thereof). A big disparity in educational achievements is evident across various social groups. Socioeconomically disadvantaged students otherwise known as students who are members of high and low-income poverty-stricken families have immensely higher drop-out rates at the elementary level. Additionally, most freshmen students at the tertiary level come from relatively well-off families.-Drop-out Rate (Out-of-school youth)
There is a graved need to address the alarming number of out-of-school youth in the country. The Philippines overall has 1.4 million children who are out-of-school, according to UNESCO's data, and is additionally the only ASEAN country that is included in the top 5 countries with the highest number of out-of-school youth. In 2012, the Department of Education showed data of a 6.38% drop-out rate in primary school and a 7.82% drop-out rate in secondary school. Subsequently, as more families become poorer, the number of students enrolled in public schools increases, especially in the high school level.-Mismatch
There is a large mismatch between educational training and actual jobs. This stands to be a major issue at the tertiary level and it is furthermore the cause of the continuation of a substantial amount of educated yet unemployed or underemployed people.-Brain Drain
Brain Drain is a persistent problem evident in the educational system of the Philippines due to the modern phenomenon of globalization, with the number of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) who worked abroad at any time during the period April to September 2014 was estimated at 2.3 million. This ongoing mass emigration subsequently inducts an unparalleled brain drain alongside grave economic implications.-Social Divide
There exists a problematic and distinct social cleavage with regard to educational opportunities in the country. Most modern societies have encountered an equalizing effect on the subject of education. This aforementioned divide in the social system has made education become part of the institutional mechanism that creates a division between the poor and the rich.-Lack of Facilities and Teacher Shortage in Public Schools
There are large-scale shortages of facilities across Philippine public schools - these include classrooms, teachers, desks and chairs, textbooks, and audio-video materials.Issues regarding the K-12
There is a dispute with regard to the quality of education provided by the system. In the year 2014, the National Achievement Test (NAT) and the National Career Assessment Examination (NCAE) results show that there had been a decline in the quality of Philippine education at the elementary and secondary levels. The students' performance in both the 2014 NAT and NCAE were excessively below the target mean score. Having said this, the poor quality of the Philippine educational system is manifested in the comparison of completion rates between the highly urbanized city of Metro Manila, which also happens to be not only the country's capital but the largest metropolitan area in the Philippines and other places in the country such as Mindanao and Eastern Visayas. Although Manila is able to boast a primary school completion rate of approximately 100 percent, other areas of the nation, such as Eastern Visayas and Mindanao, hold primary school completion rate of only 30 percent or even less. This kind of statistic is no surprise to the education system in the Philippine context, students who hail from Philippine urban areas have the financial capacity to complete at the very least their primary school education.-COVID-19
As the recent months and weeks are going by the Coronavirus or COVID-19 is facing many problems for the students and the teachers too. The students have been experiencing many problems in their internet connection in their online classes. It is also a struggle for the non- urban areas to have the least amount of connection to follow their classmen. They are also experiencing multiple mental problems with online classes leading to more anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts. They also experienced problems of buying a device to connect their online classes with the sudden outrage and demand for laptops, and computers; they are hiring the prices the medium to low-income households are having a hard time to cope up with the situation. The modules on the other hand are quite questionable because of their lack of humanity and common sense to give the right answer, grammar, and spelling. This pandemic has been really affecting the nation and its plans and goals for 2020.
Health
-Mindanao Health is a five-year (2013-2018) health service strengthening project of USAID/Philippines implemented in partnership with Jhpiego- an affiliate of the Johns Hopkins University, and RTI International. It supports the Department of Health (DOH) regional offices to scale up high-impact services and client-centered information to improve child health and nutrition.
ACTIVITIES
-The project aims to reduce maternal and infant deaths, and decrease the number of unmet need for family planning services, especially among the lowest wealth quintiles, and conflict-affected areas in Mindanao. It works to increase the uptake of integrated maternal, neonatal, child health and nutrition/family planning (MNCHN/FP) services at the household level, in communities and at both public and private facilities.
Hazard Mapping II
Today, we will now present to you the subdivisions/ village we have included on ED-LOCATIONS
Disaster Risk Model
As we know, natural disasters usually do not show signs. They make us surprised whenever they are happening. Thus, we have summarized three places which we can help the people living in there. Remember, being prepared is a must!
M-Hydropoint